The core mechanism is easy enough: a country offers the right to live there to non-citizens who invest a qualifying amount in local georgia real estate estate. The minimum investment is set very differently from country to country, and governments adjust it with limited notice.
An important distinction divides residence and naturalisation. The permit lets you live there, generally subject to renewal, but citizenship usually demands a long period of residence. Any offer of a passport in return for buying an apartment is reason for caution.
Beyond the purchase price, programmes carry additional requirements. Typical examples involve a police clearance certificate, health cover, documented income and a required physical presence on local soil annually. Overlooking any of these can cost you the residency even if the property is still yours.
Tax residency is an entirely separate matter. Holding a residence permit does not by itself make you liable for local income tax, and spending enough time in the country usually will. A number of states use a day-count rule, and the effects touch earnings from abroad.
The practical advice is straightforward: choose the property first, with the permit as a secondary benefit. These routes are suspended sometimes at short notice, and an apartment bought only houses for sale in aix-en-provence paperwork becomes a poor asset once the rules change.